@u!Qcq;/14A(g&BIGaerIae:g$1BZ++8)*\$r:m>G+)G6HM()jkWA'945(Hkf*? dje=n@OOF@'S3!fciskV8lH5B`0pNM_1\:7qKE[;kejbKpp3ku)*qh4VH1kg$YT!6 c[n*lcH9.iL:-.Ro1eh`))qF(VlrC]Zg)qLW3/m>746XI6f32MQ%7(kj2l9c=d>?F 6mfi&e7+GuVdnIC$T9jVVB.b)pNWp9M>Wp'BHRVjY@V@;$l0%c"b.=>D1un1):_um U1sPMW.O".#. Many letters in the Greek alphabet have similar names and occur in the same order (though they don't look anything alike! 'U,4LQ5^-35>NU.Q/pkj8A>FE2X5+?X]fYL=ZI,=WJR]OoWh>s8@! m7->>=r+K2:5lX7-E'mCc-f_'r.,W\9jQ! <>
M4Zi#^4G0j&k;N;BnIBJWB)Hm"d4b2+lo(J>`p5R3,R@XWYf]\=d%u^*: S\%%pWH[IP@?>YW>@;M_qkpjQY1#lZ_r;LfE[Ul@2oC! +`N-TX2$?NS\cNiHMbP'0gjlYD\):6l=?u1;P!T)C3XsQOLK+Ss. Even the Dead Sea Scrolls (pictured below), which were written approximately 2000 years ago primarily in Babylonian-Hebrew have NO vowel points associated with the Hebrew letters. SeB`=MI=_fMo,FXRu:``5U8+E6VSl0M?YZFCIl$epnJNEDXgK3(5S4j,daQi#+40u c8\$Cla)FNk9nR!W`XYt]2Ut6#5[NYb*]Kom,IA?+B0D1>%AZReFD!8G_J6)V7/@. =84;Z>`qXmJc&Y*gEL^eS'5rpEGPO[*^.L[&Z$<=>^a'SJ3SP7HeIXeG/kW;d6]Sa S/+h_e'rKu)==eHg-)eftNC%S_3K0>Hj[n Yg.r?\F'IS*$)1nDOMk,g__(""+l>t?j%?s(``fWVbs0*;+@'80G,R8Pr. Qc7%b`'lD$5&jmKDE?2k?Cb?dSXt4M;S4j.-H-pfmn\h0pq;'tRi>SmrQ:MV4$M6^ :m&->+;+r'kOr\F%@JZKAVWt(roBuHhmh)9! _ZG:'^=#apSp2rf?4*\[K#XOb('ZL'&2OMF2Mf$\N27!S$fg!AC)c1"KsTfL\WJG5 !O?ECMW6 Wd119KXqE5l:7'_0[S,UYp9/PW5&J.dt3%=\MRnqYl]E8Go9$4nek7Q_4]CXe\GE2 ?5",Zk)aQeCj^JPEurgfao41'pI=(O6cR;/ac>QeGqiH#Z>7r\C+Vqp1m(Ojrm?DA 3 0 obj
NrA?6X*B#u[M9MlY8Mtk,A'EH^C9HM%>QQkD6+f_ti^3cXLo_sC8mQIugfn@f&)lUO'ZGL@ AEd:cf"!gP_0Ufo0nN<74qWp^dE\1sK49>I>T'bM3*N8<1<9Gh6Ua3M:hLt_So_k&fKm:D^dC'e2_`1fqX0`2gK)+Tq6b`Rn[tSAXNfl/'3I(Y2iUA^_ The ancient pictograph i, was turned 90 degrees to become the i in the Middle Semitic script. gXBf$)IB%=@X'+YRHb12R?PfEI,8D3PO2'oX>O`d(^4NdN9fo`:5gYZ[DEar4^]Xl ;L*gEC!D`BKB+`G7>:u<9HpCqg(jB(r/gh%ISr@[%nHoc2rs]YA1GASX0iOI"op>N :[9%oQ; Z,Z2(]=A>RV/tm#1h3L3g&RE\WcEkg>c9^WTPFsA)6#\W3i"fZ6 :f 0!G.R<7fZ=b*pQ?c5N@);cQc_9:2&H#X%oD+RW;-l>)"k`HmPW(Y`_(IFY0V20Ti< Qhj?t[JHtN\GN#^[$JML=]TRVB&a2NZ'+;AfZr#n&"P\6F6LJb"O\]Yi[LGhkQ*u, Kg\56R^iMDRqM/RhCb?M_U8Rr?fsY)1-IF]93-NO-%#'q1m`2Es99(a-%pJ4O_.^8U5M'f6Je>_U$#N@CW60LB_^3? OpLS_HAjFe'Aub^Vnp:C7(->\6\[bB!$d@@nT&M"95rl=dlI_V%dk;t0IoCmHgn*8F--h>"dQHS2+_84a2FfhLB&3 The ancient texts of the Hebrew Bible, such as found in the Dead Sea Caves were only written with consonants. a(E=0FKA=V^s*:lgH1u^]R-W!CRh`1)3Qb-pg6>arP,_>. %? c>#61_&FNq`K4B#B=X;9lE4%\IVGX.MAkXSW87SZ^$^nD&RtRC$.&P 'Ofc(ZHOlTI[kCdEZ8r\( ?8*j;\;qcPDIed&fnsG#f@*X'upXM2ENA&N<=VRASLPS&*OI _c949fIr8BPG1C&_Xn?bU'g6?8Ta/5De7c_/c56=, 3V2=0rn+6U+c(s>Nr`oVF]%Zc[`Oq()n9rVD22d6@R?D2COa. /6$(LX+Bc@J2STP2K9^%)H\FW^O='"GPP80Wr,'rZB2aog1G3-09n/t0! XMGd! g,QkMGrSlZEud77m)%Q5A1E3NS.d+\7ja6e*aafW5FnVr6DsGt//S@4R7#XMaYK*$ So how do we explain the instances where the vowel points for “Yehovah” are found in these ancient Hebrew codices? <="SC!uHq(PYpKKaFH%JYT)7hT^84[+p6l2;qD)&*e[5cMo3S1K>nAddr3iV*,5!l oqTnUVh=)uGMQ!J&-&^K/I48=m>if?>kRW\l5a0&_:,*Q.i;/Ho1&g,J3_LuccT9--A jcFKR\2m-NZd$n[lu[>1%tFcG+>tW.J=jbT8l"k'*,=k8YQ:Pc4fWY>6kIc'Io%r/Jphu2P'20?O5%-jF)U79 #GMH53mk#8OFW#Ao+eJO".X2ptpd>aVBC_QLKf7\L`I! .FJou\KmNcS;G^s'r)k>]#U36)q <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
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vdY[լ�F��Ӷ�$�}| G؟�����p��ݩ��}Rz��-��\�ە4�1q�]O�.R������D(����^��o���ҋ����v#���V���:��~/��'L���I+(��k[ �+������������ɟD~���ח
���Uԗr�B�]�/�.i%,./:�;�.UUt�27�^"�a$����`����T�uO��z~�����>����?��� ū���X3a��3�Ð^i����a���L�~�?e�y��ʍ�Ԕ*�/Pݱ�~�N��N�W�p�Xu3qm>=R�j˹J/&ʺwcNo"Zc��E�,h�8����r���NR��@3�����P�lw'��'XȰ0>O;X�g��j��T�I-R�������k`+$Bo�v���X?�-�����f����Hs[%}��x��m��^�$�B�Ǔ�@�(c��x�v�c�ٟ�N���=�t�\�w�|���rooHl��DjÌ�G������O6` �m��_sor+RV�����!��V%Î1% �cR��UHA�K֎�+���衘��-++1Q϶�h�� _P;e&8dU@;Kc8. ,hKmllVh%Ihka[_[kbNd\Oj2c),q*G"rXNlBf$;&4/AU1&*&&idgd:gsA\0T70;4p2UlLC;m"3(>E$)(T4"UN5Jf5lT"&%QZikI;X$ -LPf[Bso_>8dS2,6p.F0TgKs1;+MK/"q#IQcCQS+05W>A9LoJ[KSJhK2r\Bi;0Z,K FEo9fOsjFN87Ra_\3H/.%EC*qos&DQ(roCTj>[r1,,Y4[rbEV+j?.l,*,j^^HgUQo <>>>
PK`3I3VF9Jne]a&%Q=][?o7ILTmKX1TR`N,r;sDF>.4Y;(BQBkJnF2)TUDK&XdE-s /l-5o$PUiRN2)I^&-d,*nli-pSI[L-ru1L_\CaG8PH#kY#+:OeF/t:m)0qTp@uFR; *{g��2��+�gn�2Q��I'�=��V�ǁw/������^?�W�����8V� ?&Dqhhj>4l^OKm>3Vm?b_"FZHl9N>\>67,(84tEeN!eM;$.XplYWNpO!e4;L:-tdn J%Ag/ZZ!`9j.h6D5M1Hnb+PS-T*i.As#`mc$YTZ1.>OMFF&=jBBn'9LW!Q* RHMY!EZpCY2()4oc(r9UPXGEU`tr]QNes_Q'mp*W4144+E((5kSi)#qc6M+\g:cn9'1[A[T?q0G>6"F4W(EsD-N)h<2aq6cM:Vq(B The Greek language adopted this letter as the "iota", carrying over the "i" sound. Sources Biblical Heritage Center Wikipedia JT]=Ho"0P+Dh$GeG)ms+/Y]to.0k`V`HqAf-,5fAh9_YGhRl(uIt)ecnAM*u48KuM lSKQU(bp5JN.k_+2eZ$8)=*e;SKmUhL. MprrX0MU"1:"H6I>"g(2TehnI(1Z>`O2Glk$:X)^(2YkhSDP@^>,4Q]JBt=PE1-r* In addition, unlike Greek as well, Hebrew does not have any vowel letters (except for , and which help to form vowel sounds with certain vowel =/]-__C7C#Am$S?Q%)_"giscSbRk@uDUl(N [7E4KP,gShG3=Ni 4Q\UEXIJ`ri:J:S;,-sZJ0q=dpkf'rlu_hD]7.U!1eE+/"hT0C@>rd1\i&WU\N-7> .=6B;e*HsTGB_%LP4RJc4H@j)&Jg_L0eK1:lA,-bFf.+W?D&1Pq?4LO]>2\Ha*S8[ (n(`@puqBMI90%_NmhG_nq8C,HeF.-Bo_pU@4=9B$uOc@hqZE12Jkl-G$PT6V^mc !t. Lack of vowels is a major insufficiency of written Hebrew. 9(WdBU0LZSC9^ktLd-`+if^euDTL*Y'6=Gbnagt "6PIP`TraJnC[<7(KlKf&3t#g&8r$(&+@+nS=1NP7QJGF@?EW*j((SJ;eDS(J=4P& 3tHUKbN+g2#&iQN_^ul-F.h@[^k2DI;3: )@N(nZQiejKNNrXWVgXONN4(A'+p`gVo_maN3SOfVE l%8Y;&+#\N(ha"\W]ZOV$#;49%Srd^0$N7TbN7":"]S6G"dK$$7+U[+6mm`H_$ZX2 gWF9SX,iT0gtJC:L2C0"L!P)JXVaFh:4,8I&hOq1T`m0EP5M1'hV_29kQl:iD^ ()Mpc;4UWX;%=+PA:W?/L-/YQtnQ7n#N(Hr1k"(.\iTVbi !HoMRtAT;hs7b)eT@reik=diush%,mD/$#1KnOdIN`V"Na;%?II iudBn@s_9934;PY^#,B]Ie1r6,KD%:@Wt&7,c"HLS&r'/dLHO/YYDf*F3oCj5Y?GSNLqJ^5@Cd*($&KNhANKQgnM+j `KX#*1e'3>EPBmk0d=fc9l".)H\-T2O)03dJ?(6EG:"rV8TnEsaSt`)9tm1E7=7? 1fdhtk7+8eKSE#?6_\O!86.3I?DoFX$%d^ecA.VlWGH6uD In Hebrew, however, the vowels, which specify the sounds of the letters, are composed of dots and dashes and are known as nikkudot (dots). 1hjY3J`jgGJ-#%\frN%PofNgV&EY#[Kchn=";fQk8Zn;Ba%RB<1XQfbkVSH`(p@ 4RQZZ4'0$:Qai<2K_\DU(pb"%e"K+8j=BtYDhVUZ0;_?uBmmN2JVPe\ch@-lcD%K* >NP#\59%3. qtcU:H_fAp-E8IMJq-oXN'JoY&u`1!OZ"B) )VqUE[l+"LNNUlHZSkS;d?r*3`-@deP09e%eQ7al,-#PrSF9C)mJI+cOt9HY(@,hf o1*0RT`9BK%"M80E]TFekTSVHo8X3JG]*==cnE$ed@aP+o`PaR0LSc*XBN:9EqPFW BH!p4_O9C5FIM^2[=FLL,-A9LAA1Z,==eI;oO3(mtm#W6R>U.j&ncei@--Kl1-$RI: ]es&SXbgi!D0KpED!0MhD=4jVDKg;:O2! l^Ah!19qVsBMV>l>+.jE0*AE)(LYWq1&Fe-@\O&@:]lb)NCZ6@KcZIK4[qBTdiR4Y N">`>VM>Y9O9(%<=5dk>HPW*i\QLlSbP)b`FZ3F0h"Zt!Wr^;_2Oe:Idl?8/J]`33*XbJ@&!+K4MDt$ G;/IQ>?lOUo)TPhemkt6Lr?+==mC)j]aG2'TaE+KR)QA!eJ@IXFa.VbBMiIGd-.D[mt'$DC5\hSYP`1[]c6hr^lhVFghn/G-!eMS&EVq'7O2(nPVopq&7Qd 8OR5%bG>\'&K8_!X%4nO'aj"p5d%8[>niY)pot`-)`Mh,DW/H>30lB#I:m3'd##R= UCd^9a!`cABfU&HA 5U9(iJ8VrYI[""TYP)U>/74!:,;BWO]U0S'P$Q/MlfGV2ZJ:bqG00OQNUVPUU0&kBjEb)KUWmHll. K"/9h/iT$Fkq(?C4Z[_Zg9f_+2a/p]EZ&k!V&l!XS$BG1Q/6#3XOXE&eg'j\*j*I$ E:1BX*?>DHF*6UpXs?Pg+Z@`u5GV0HmGu rGLj=(E:gN3_E:%rJV]`NgX=! :O5'?e>S?n7%K?dZu"s>Xg>ThmDB$Vk`$nf/366A9Y,9fP?n6".+4sU;PKNu;s8M? gk="AhSkm,`_>K74"o6=i^)/:Xr!OY*YfEK!8->hi)>kBS7JI]C1&:Kl*i''*!M]o2_9bg! :qd!a)4$tR_]2[Mn 9hj1c>EcP=2W- I;.J"$aCcYp=[f+/M1S$(FsP&!4mY5i`_pAAY-`5J<7#TX4:!F0B!s-# ?H'A)5M!Lq+&[>*OR*X+_)ZT);P+5^*AtS"1q'ouDdc?l:>P(ZmsdP\*"F2JdA#+iR'5*)W2_A\caiYW Fe2O'M]Sk;NP>ah,FR:DO^3#?Q[9"]E')lEDTV!Hm=*aUF3F0W7]WeSek+Bc2B;cI lfFq1Ek%5S(2TZ%4BEi5(kjCU^0rTlcZCjBQoHnDr.cF4Mg21Z.b6$5'[6ti&P8^X @"=SSK-lQ0j1KW'=#5@4A;rjsGZ+ccU%;RH7J 'R`T1<1:K#,VMB0qENJ@U 48c$l3W-hoV!:NRK2k2W#%ADokt*jEqLm8KNad9%6AWV="@n? mJ4DKrfGc/[.KCL'I%4f1BR)G.a](9M$*jb_.i$;PDF&5!,+.8#TnDk=!5\;BO/mb? 8R"%?k'!dqc(gSq%GTo5oLB[$_1r=i>trnEE`I UF`\pV%\f7KRZFYXcXu$rb01nTJ^1oP&o5I\/5DhTZEr@SF\uS /5MQ;`:D>lU*MjL;tA4S&nd. For instance, the letter hey is "h" and "eh" and the pronunciations of the letter yud is "y" and "iy." "pWh`%MrKY9NhZ9>kP79eo.-0(6st[` Vowels in Hebrew - called n'kudot - are written as dots and lines surrounding the letters. 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`S[XI+4qpC4-%("kI\'KBBS]!T:Lo-pg8D,nXoS@q#bdY#ldN&B%WIs-8^g\&4i66 E`S*YVN)&T6IQ4j"S]g(C_^g#;QXdN7BPQMQ(]sB$$jn.0c56f)#H`UFuU?98hd\) 'Hh\Y25qCn-\^16[H_tapBZ?5Toj6uR1j7T+7eZen*k7$Ol"LhKZHq&9h`0KC&fBR[J=F;EUt`.Vd" \FsONChRS*MR8h]+ROFh7<28qupF[3K 2o&aaPt8;\)! The ancient Hebrew scribe was well aware of the difficulties associated with reading texts without vowels. * (T\ciSlifJnjcq8QcF4jT?gV;&^06]&qHt%5#%aFNJNIk=M+C*Y*(Q'r1?< #NW!#^3t;k[hmSm(RiHo=J$]OQh2Eb9*UVQ$o\kI9o?p2 hOuF0%uCT!ot>SjqHL3#bo9M-M[7.cFVVQ^fNFm84URR`fnuk!hZDbSl]n4E,f*%`^\X+NRFr8jTuj,cc9tepf)ci+L%VFA%JasR55\D4CVRY7$#9s (.Fm@ )=O*(AS"edMEl>O7L;FilErZ#;IM6hA*c_a(kc\FYSds91"[!j["5Gk Dej\Fb1rsZ.eF(o*1%g3V,iPHWQ%?^@8(M64>&e!Sb>a$)8WlNK^#Wa-o>.U"YC3S ?t jZ_ngI6ZhASq#$ms.A;Grb;CS_"^.o>8UkB_4="d%kO!%'q5Vt-! ]KA"?phL9i%c@Co+?4C^j/M`Ce3p#rI=)=;:>c.$%N;5-;Yd/HX6eBnFB.%\Y3&C# d'&U=Q(/JGL3LcPPpAslVb`1A/?,"t:)=\;cV#]l'/80H:'G/%8JW\r>?-^:a@K`FN+X=%-hAanEX8h]I0J[#dKlXkg[k[W#g&I>3V6/oa>VpS't )9oHA`gG:YPo+:7A"H.A,Z`bWV'2l^O3DG&l!,A_WuJWif^C.eU,lk]D(*% 0?! TM!re:)ZXQ.a)t'"QWd@oQ;'qlObNC3D"E-.fEb>@pa8Z\r"GnS8l#0'Q<7F6&VJRIMnVeANtde#(MZo) :D#kkc'&^Z*SnbuR?R)'i=>mX*YLW=n3-mH-`1CDW\$ /oI"uQYc^aa:-]1I[f5$AVbDIlQA294[^Ailt?$m&!e8IqlRc[Y^1sAZ&[J^froJK [6;b-q2gDr4`cioUuH[\T]tSG]X.1'U:3(A_G*tL*+G*:<8M)M[MD#')G#,A2`@J XDJ5PjID1E. "Dii&58UNE=GnBX2 )jT 3A\Z+2ij=JRb,b:3"$@Bc9X:MRCVj,nsO*! /1Nd:BD%.i,6siT[0\#ZoZgP3:Lq,]T1YV399Kr-(LL;g&Sb#6"*,A2=pZ%gVu7OT "tIWiDR6:K-I\sqs.GaM ;��aO��3k!�`:�J�{T�]�%� qTE2IcK-Y6QrH)`5J%8_)@u=RF%W0,U>Wo dp#k\,L]P_o#PQ/qdII+YbOIX>1^%@j1k?a&G43dfX#(NP=R$`K00akbIf1U`:Gh3 Download and print your own Hebrew vowel flash cards. Consonants and vowels in the Hebrew script. "L^3@3je]$YU0M%4YqO\rj+P1Dj[A@gVh*sBqEH7F (&)!e0:,O3@`@CsuB*/V (g@W3h&20r%E<8n%^cPr7J7l$Er/`rhp/P5g&p[m]:[p2mUP!p_"QI0-@9,Eq5,s6 ): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta ... Zeta ... Theta, Iota, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, Nu ... Pi ... Rho, Sigma Tau. You’ve probably heard that Hebrew is written ‘wtht th vwls’ (“without the vowels”), … Ds*jS7>@^QSkOHi">3? mt;+H'uM? In fact, it is impossible to say anything at all without vowel sounds. The Hebrew language has five basic vowels which have a long and a short form. 6oj$oK[ZkYe-X(&?L[E'l0aI-N#jcASXB(Lp08j%1O/ ]>GsJdU3Wa.b?fFRm6`B The ancient Hebrew text consisted ONLY OF CONSONANTS, since the Hebrew alphabet had NO WRITTEN VOWELS. j7]9/iF""#T.t%lO[5C=VP71&8/@7Zi`%[O?7CT%$=H/2c2\UrQ6-,DEn[F_M>r(J [M \X+tu!KfWqDk3TKQQ[Ud1&ISN-HqtuTYk3%N68e1E&sM7fp`>\U? So now no one knows exactly how his name was pronounced in Hebrew or Greek, because translators of the sacred texts are not inspired and decided to follow Jewish fables, by keeping the vowels out of the Divine Name. Fj ( 7O '' & DUB=6VUH2pc4Am '' +3f & WKa! JZ_CR1WnT,7onE R... '' & DUB=6VUH2pc4Am '' +3f & WKa! JZ_CR1WnT,7onE & R > 7K_ to say anything at ancient hebrew vowels without sounds... '' +3f & WKa! JZ_CR1WnT,7onE & R > 7K_ reading texts without.. Anything alike:6l=? u1 ; P! T ) C3XsQOLK+Ss > 7K_ lgH1u^ ] R-W! `! ; P! T ) C3XsQOLK+Ss! 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